[Pefloxacin mesylate--clinical effectiveness in various forms of infectious-inflammatory diseases]. / Pefloksatsina mezilat--klinicheskaia éffektivnost' pri formakh infektsionno-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii.

Pefloxacin mesylate is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone active against pathogens with multiple resistance. Due to its high therapeutic efficacy (at last 90 per cent) and good tolerance pefloxacin mesylate is considered as the most promising drug in the therapy of severe infections and infections difficult for the treatment such as wound infection, meningitis and particularly perilous infections. Prolonged pharmacokinetics and high bioavailability of the drug provided its administration in the treatment of in- and outpatients with severe infection twice a day in a daily dose of 0.8 to 1.2 g. Pefloxacin proved to be a drug of choice in the treatment of infection due to intracellular pathogens.

[Sulacillin (a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam)--a new combined drug form for treatment of bacterial infections]. / Sulatsillin (sochetanie ampitsillina s sul'baktamom)--novaia kombinirovannaia lekarstvennaia forma dlia lecheniia bakterial'nykh infektsii.

The results of the cooperated clinical trial of sulacillin, a formulation including sodium ampicillin and sulbactam (2:1), are presented. The trial was carried out in different hospitals of Moscow and Smolensk. Rapid development of the favourable time course and recovery were stated in 93.7 per cent of the cases with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary and biliferous tract infections, infections of the skin and soft tissues, gynecological infections and severe suppurative complications after surgical operations. Sulacillin is useful in the empirical therapy of purulent inflammatory diseases before the pathogen isolation and identification.

[The combined-action preparation Sipralinat in the treatment of suppurative diseases of the soft tissues and osteomyelitis of the bones of the foot]. / Preparat kombinirovannogo deistviia Sipralinat v lechenii gnoinykh zabolevanii miagkikh tkanei i osteomielita kostei stopa.

Sipralynate is a powder containing the broad spectrum antibiotic sisomicin, the enzyme protease C and the polymer carrier sodium alginate with a drainage capacity promoting wound regeneration. The clinical trials with sipralynate showed that it was highly efficient in the treatment of patients with suppurative infections of the soft tissues and ossa pedis osteomyelitis. The tolerance was good.

[The efficacy of Ligenten gel in the prevention and treatment of infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urogenital organs]. / Effektivnost' gelia Ligentena pri profilaktike i lecheniia infektsionno-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii mochepolovykh organov.

A new therapeutic in the form of a gel named ligenten was studied. The gel active components are lidocain, gentamicin and ethonium. Ligenten was shown to have a marked local anesthetic action when administered transurethrally. As a prophylactic agent the gel was highly active against the majority of the causative agents of renal infections due to cystoscopy, catheterization and bougienage of the urethra. Ligenten provided a sufficient anesthetic effect in transurethral operations but did not prevent superinfection due to the hospital strains. Marked antiinflammatory and reparative actions of the gel especially in the treatment of ulcerous cystitis were observed.

[Protegentin--a combined preparation for the local treatment of suppurative infection]. / "Protégentin"--kombinirovannyi preparat dlia mestnogo lecheniia gnoinoi infektsii.

Protegentin is a formulation in the form of an ointment for local application. Its high efficacy was demonstrated in the treatment of wounds in the 1st phase of the process, extended decubitus, trophic ulcers, wounds of various genesis not healing for prolonged periods, urogenital infections, abscesses, maxillofacial phlegmon and abscessing parodontosis. The ointment showed good draining, proteolytic and bactericidal effects. The tolerance was good. The positive results were observed in 97 per cent of the cases.

[Therapeutic form of doxycycline hydrochloride for intravenous administration in the treatment of suppurative-septic diseases]. / Lekarstvennaia forma doksitsiklina gidrokhlorida dlia vnutrivennogo vvedeniia pri lechenii gnoino-septicheskikh zabolevanii.

Efficacy of doxycycline hydrochloride administered intravenously was studied in treatment of severe purulent inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia, lung abscesses, pyothorax, skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis, purulent cholangitis, etc.. Doxycycline showed significant advantages over tetracyclines: prolonged action, higher efficacy and good tolerance. Favourable results were observed in 85 per cent of the cases.

[Gentacycol--a delayed-action form of gentamicin in the treatment of suppurative infection]. / Gentatsikol--prolongirovannaia lekarstvennaia forma gentamitsina v lechenii gnoinoi inferktsii.

Efficacy of gentacycol was studied in the treatment of various purulent infections. It was used in therapy of hematogenic and traumatic osteomyelitis, wound infections, soft tissue abscesses, purulent diffuse peritonitis as a complication of comissural ileus or appendectomy, pyothorax, destructive pneumonia and mediastinitis. Gentacycol ++ was also used for the prophylaxis in cholecystectomy, herniotomy and other conditions. The favourable results were stated in 93 per cent of the cases.

[Use of rifamethoprim in acute and chronic respiratory tract diseases]. / Primenenie rifametroprima pri ostrykh i khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh dykhatel'nykh putei.

Rifamethoprim is a new formulation containing rifampicin and trimethoprim. Its efficacy was studied in the treatment of a group of patients with various nonspecific diseases of the lungs. It was shown to be highly active against a broad spectrum of pathogens. With inclusion of trimethoprim to the formulation it appeared possible to markedly lower the bacterial ability to develop resistance to rifampicin, which solved the problem of long-term antibiotic use. The unique pharmacokinetic properties of rifampicin such as its capacity to penetrating into the sputum, lung tissues and cells make rifamethoprim be the drug of optimal choice in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

[Rifampicin in the treatment of infections of non-tuberculous etiology]. / Rifampitsin pri lechenii infektsii netuberkuleznoi étiologii.

Clinical efficacy of rifampicin, a semisynthetic broad spectrum antibiotic was estimated in 247 patients with purulent inflammations. It was shown advisable to use rifampicin intravenously in treatment of severe bronchopulmonary pathology, disorders of the bile excretion system, osteomyelitis, severe wound infections and in prophylaxis of postoperative purulent complications in cardiovascular surgery and other cases. High rifampicin sensitivity of staphylococci and streptococci belonging to various species was revealed. Rifampicin was found to be less active against gramnegative pathogens. The isolation frequency of rifampicin sensitive strains of E. coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa amounted to 88.4, 52.1, 58.8 and 49.3 per cent respectively.

[Methods of evaluating the efficacy of combinations of aminoglycosides with penicillins and their value for the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect in patients]. / Metody otsenki éffektivnosti kombinatsii aminoglikozidov s penitsillinami i ikh znachenie dlia vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia lechebnogo éffekta u bol'nogo.

The efficacy of the combinations of aminoglycosides and penicillin with respect to Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Escherichia strains was estimated with the methods of two-fold serial dilutions of aminoglycosides and constant concentrations of penicillin and the "chess board" method. Correlation between the synergistic effect and sensitivity of the strains to separate components of the combinations was observed. For prediction of the combination efficacy these methods are not useful, since they are labour-intensive and their results are very variable. In this connection a simple informative test is recommended. With the use of this test it is possible to judge the chemotherapeutic efficacy of antibiotics and their combinations by the value of the serum antibacterial activity (titer) against the infection causative agent. The blood serum titer of at least 1:8 is accompanied by a pronounced effect. The test also indirectly provides information on the sensitivity of isolated pathogens and adequacy of the drug blood levels after administration of the chosen dose.

[Present-day aminoglycosides in the treatment of suppurative-septic diseases]. / Sovremennye aminoglikozidy v lechenii gnoino-septicheskikh zabolevanii.

The therapeutic efficacy, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin, gentamicin and a new dosage form of kanamycin sulfate as an ampoule solution for intravenous injection were studied clinically. High therapeutic efficacy of the above three aminoglycosides in the treatment of severe inflammatory infections caused by gram-negative bacteria was shown with the use of the adequate doses. Favourable results of the therapy estimated by the laboratory and clinical data were observed in 81-90 per cent of the patients.

[Experimental chemotherapeutic activity of sisomycin sulfate]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia aktivnost' sizomitsina sul'fata v éksperimente.

The chemotherapeutic activity of sisomicin was studied in comparison to that of gentamicin with respect to the experimental infection caused by grampositive and gram-negative organisms in albino mice. It was shown that sisomicin was 2-3 times more effective than gentamicin. The higher chemotherapeutic activity of sisomicin was confirmed by the data on the pathogen isolation from the animals.

[Dicloxacillin the treatment of suppurative inflammatory processes at various sites]. / Dikloksatsillin v lechenii gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov razlichnoi lokalizatsii.

The efficacy of sodium dicloxacillin was studied in the treatment of pyo-inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, pyothorax, pulmonary abscess, osteomyelitis, burn disease, infections of the skin and soft tissues and others, caused by multiresistant staphylococci and other organisms sensitive to the antibiotic. The drug was effective both orally or parenterally. Satisfactory results were observed in more than 80 per cent of the patients (children and adults). It was well tolerated by the patients.

[Gentamycin sulfate effectiveness and tolerance in patients with myelotoxic agranulocytosis]. / Effektivnost' i perenosimost' gentamitsina sul'fata u bol'nykh s mielotoksicheskim agranulotsitozom.

Patients with myelotoxic agranulocytosis were treated with gentamicin administered intravenously as drop-wise infusions in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight a day every 8 hours. The treatment course consisted of 7--24 days. No toxic reactions were observed. The therapeutic efficacy of gentamicin depended on the neutrophilic level and amounted to 50--60 per cent when the drug was used without identification of the causative agent. The prophylactic use of gentamicin decreased the infection incidence in patients with myelotoxic agranulocytosis, while the prophylactic efficacy of gentamicin was evident only when the number of the granulocytes was higher than 100/mm3 of the blood.

[Clinical effectiveness of carbenicillin in suppurative inflammatory processes of varying localization]. / Klinicheskaia éffektivnost' karbenitsillina pri gnoino-vospalitel'-nykh protsessakh razlichnoi lokalizatsii.

The study on sensitivity of clinical strains of the causative agents of purulent infections to carbenicillin showed that 34.6% of the staphylococcal strains, 48.1% of the E. coli strains and 40.3% of the Proteus strains were sensitive to the antibiotic. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa were characterized by moderate sensitivity to carbenicillin. The MTC for most of the isolates ranged within 25-128 microgram/ml. High therapeutic efficacy of carbenicillin in treatment of cases with purulent inflammatory processes of various localization was shown. Positive results were obtained in 82.5% of the adults and 76.2% of the premature infants treated with carbenicillin. A satisfactory therapeutic effect was observed in the cases with sepsis, diffuse purulent peritonitis and abscessing pneumonia treated with carbenicillin in combination with gentamicin.

[Fucidin, its basic properties and place in the modern therapy of suppurative and inflammatory processes]. / Fuzidin--osnovnye svoistva i mesto v sovremennoi terapii gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov

Sodium fusidin prepared at the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied experimentally and clinically. High antibacterial activity of fusidin especially against methicillin-resistant staphylococci was found. The clinical trials showed high efficacy of fusidin in treatment of perichondritis, osteomyelitis, pyodermia, pseudofurunculosis, multiple abscesses of the skin because of its satisfactory penetration into the skin and cartilage tissues, skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue. The tolerance of the drug by most of the patients was satisfactory.

[Experimental study of the chemotherapeutic activity of gentamicin sulfate]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie khimioterapevticheskoi aktivnosti gentamitsina sul'fata

Antibacterial activity of gentamycin sulfate was studied in vitro and in treatment of albino mice with experimental infections. Gentamycin was superior to kanamycin with respect to its antibacterial effect against clinical strains of Staphylococcus, Coli bacteria, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa. High efficiency of gentamycin was found with respect to acute and chronic staphylococcal infection, acute Proteus and Coli sepsis. The antibiotic was characterized by low LD50, high chemotherapeutic index, rapid decrease in isolation of the causative agent from the animal organs. The activity of gentamycin against infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa was the main advantage of gentamycin in comparison to kanamycin.